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In between the outlet and inlet ports is a rubber layer called a diaphragm, which has an orifice through which the fluid medium can easily flow.Ībove the membrane is a pressure chamber that serves as an amplifier. The typical minimum pressure required for the valve to operate is nearly 0.5 bar. Solenoid valves in this category use the pressure difference of the medium to assist in the opening and closing of the valve. Direct-acting solenoids are therefore used for small flow rates. With this operating principle, the solenoid doesn’t require a minimum pressure or any pressure difference. The maximum flow rate and operating pressure are directly proportional to the hole size (diameter) and the solenoid valve’s magnetic force. These are: Direct-actingĪ direct-acting solenoid can either be NO or NC, and its mode of operation is simple. There are three main ways in which solenoids work. This is accomplished by replacing a spring with permanent magnets. The solenoid will stay in its recent/current position provided there’s no power supplied. Unlike the previous two, this type is switched on and off using an instantaneous or momentary power source. Often, a NO solenoid is best used for applications, which require the solenoid valve to be on or open for a longer period since it becomes more energy and cost-efficient.īesides the normally closed and normally open solenoids, there’s also another type called the latching or bi-stable solenoid valve. Here, the seal will be seated right on the orifice, closing it and preventing any fluid from flowing via the valve. Once an electric current passes through the coil, an electromagnetic field is created, and the resultant force pushes the plunger to the downward position to overcome the resistive spring force. With NO solenoid valves, the valve is always open when the coil is de-energized. NC valves are good for fail-safe applications that need the media to stop flowing if power is lost. This opens up the orifice and allows the fluid media to flow through the valve. This creates an electromagnetic field with a resultant force that pushes the plunger upwards to overcome the resistive spring force.
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Once the solenoid is powered, the current flows through the coil and energizes it. This means that the orifice is closed, and no medium can flow through it. These are the normally closed (NC) and the normally open (NO) solenoid valves.įor NC solenoid valves, it is closed when the coil is de-energized, i.e., when there’s no electric current flowing through it. Types of Solenoid Valvesīefore we look at the working principles of solenoids, we’ll first look at the two popular solenoid valve configurations. This is because dirt can easily block the orifice, causing performance issues. That said, it’s worth noting that solenoid valves are only used to control clean liquid and gases. As soon as the electric current passes through the coil, it’s energized, and an electromagnetic field forms and exerts a force on the plunger, opening the orifice. It’s also made up of an armature (B), a shading ring (C), a spring (D), and a seal (F).įor a normally closed valve in the resting position, the plunger closes a small hole or orifice that allows the fluid to flow. The solenoid is an electric coil (A) with a movable magnetic core that’s centrally located, also called a plunger (E). Solenoid valves are electromechanical devices that feature two major components: a valve body (G) and a solenoid (Figure 1). What are Solenoid Valves and How Do They Work?
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You should also have a look at the Linear Solenoid. To help you understand the types and working principles of solenoid valves, selection criteria, and everything in between, we’ve covered all you need to know about these electrically controlled valves.
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In several domestic, commercial, or industrial settings where gases or liquids have to be distributed or mixed, solenoid valves are used to ensure the accuracy and precision of all the control aspects.